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Zeziphi izinto ezifunekayo kwiSakhiwo seSteel esikumgangatho ophezulu?

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Izakhiwo zentsimbisebenzisa intsimbi njengesona sakhiwo sithwala imithwalo esisiseko (esifana nemiqadi, iintsika, kunye neetrasi), zongezwa ngamacandelo angathwaliyo afana nekhonkrithi kunye nodonga. Izinto eziluncedo ezingundoqo zentsimbi, ezinje ngokuqina okuphezulu, ukukhaphukhaphu, kunye nokuphinda zisetyenziswe, ziyenze itekhnoloji ephambili kulwakhiwo lwale mihla, ngakumbi kwizakhiwo ezinkulu, eziphakamileyo, kunye nezakhiwo zoshishino. Izakhiwo zentsimbi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumabala emidlalo, kwiiholo zemiboniso, kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo, iifektri, iibhulorho, kunye nezinye izicelo.

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Iifom zeZakhiwo eziphambili

Ifom yesakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi kufuneka ikhethwe ngokuhambelana nomsebenzi wokwakha (njengobude, ubude kunye nomthwalo). Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo:

Ifomu yoLwakhiwo Umgaqo ongundoqo Iimeko eziSebenzayo Imeko eqhelekileyo
Ulwakhiwo lwesakhelo Idityaniswe ngemiqadi kunye neentsika eziqhagamshelwe ngokudityaniswa ngokuqinileyo okanye okuhonjisiweyo ukwenza izakhelo ezicwangcisiweyo, ezithwala imithwalo ethe nkqo kunye nemithwalo ethe tye (umoya, inyikima). Izakhiwo ezininzi zeofisi / eziphakamileyo, iihotele, iindawo zokuhlala (ngokuqhelekileyo ezinobude ≤ 100m). China World Trade Centre Tower 3B (inxalenye yesakhelo)
Isakhiwo seTrass Ibandakanya amalungu athe tye (umz., intsimbi ye-engile, intsimbi engqukuva) eyenziwe yaziyunithi ezinxantathu. Isebenzisa ukuzinza koonxantathu ukuhambisa imithwalo, iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla afanayo. Izakhiwo ezinkulu (i-span: 20-100m): ii-gymnasiums, iiholo zemiboniso, iiworkshops zefektri. Uphahla lweBala Lemidlalo leSizwe (Indlwane yeeNtaka)
I-Space Truss/Lattice Shell Structure Yakhiwe ngamalungu amaninzi acwangciswe ngokwepateni eqhelekileyo (umzekelo, oonxantathu abalinganayo, izikwere) kwigridi yendawo. Imikhosi isasazwa ngokwesithuba, ivumela iindawo ezinkulu zokugubungela. Izakhiwo ezongezelelweyo-ezinkulu-span (isithuba: 50-200m): iitheminali zeenqwelo moya, amaziko endibano. Uphahla lweSikhululo seSikhululo seSikhululo seSikhulu se-2 saseGuangzhou Baiyun
I-Portal Rigid Isakhelo seSakhelo Iqulunqwe ngeekholamu eziqinileyo zesakhelo kunye nemiqadi ukwenza isakhelo esimile "isango". Iziseko zekholomu zihlala zixhomekeke, zifanelekile ukuthwala imithwalo elula. Izityalo zemizi-mveliso ezinomgangatho omnye, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, amaziko olungiselelo (isithuba: 10-30m). Iworkshop yemveliso yomzi-mveliso weemoto
Ulwakhiwo lweCable-Membrane Isebenzisa iintambo zentsimbi eziphezulu (umzekelo, iintambo zentsimbi) njengesakhelo esithwala umthwalo, esigqunywe ngezinto eziguquguqukayo ze-membrane (umzekelo, i-PTFE membrane), ebonisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kunye ne-span enkulu. Izakhiwo ezijonga umhlaba, iijimnaziyam ezixhaswa ngumoya, iikhenopi zesikhululo sokurhafisa. IHolo yokuqubha yeZiko leMidlalo yaseShanghai yaseMpuma
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Izinto eziphambili

Intsimbi esetyenziswa kwiizakhiwo zentsimbikufuneka kukhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zomthwalo wesakhiwo, imeko yofakelo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Ihlelwe ngokuyinhloko kwiindidi ezintathu: iipleyiti, iiprofayili, kunye nemibhobho. Izintlu ezithile kunye neempawu zezi zilandelayo:

I. Amacwecwe:
1. Iipleyiti zentsimbi ezityebileyo
2. Iipleyiti zentsimbi eziphakathi
3. Iipleyiti zentsimbi ezinepateni

II. Iiprofayili:
(I) Iiprofayile ezishushu: Zifanele izinto eziphambili zokuthwala umthwalo, ezinika amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina.
1. Imiqadi ye-I (kubandakanywa ne-H-beams)
2. Intsimbi yomjelo (i-C-beams)
3. Intsimbi ye-engile (i-L-beams)
4. Intsimbi ecaba
(II) Iiprofayili ezipholileyo ezinodonga olucekethekileyo: Zilungele izinto ezikhaphukhaphu kunye nezibiyelweyo, ezinikezela ngobunzima obuphantsi.
1. Imiqadi ye-C ebandayo
2. Imiqadi ye-Z epholileyo
3. Iibhobho zesikwere ezibandayo kunye neengxande

III. Imibhobho:
1. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo
2. Imibhobho yentsimbi edityanisiweyo
3. Imibhobho edityanisiweyo ye-Spiral
4. Imibhobho yentsimbi enemilo ekhethekileyo

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Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi lunenzuzo

Amandla aphezulu, Ubunzima bokukhanya: Amandla e-Steel kunye ne-compressive aphezulu kakhulu kunekhonkrithi (malunga ne-5-10 amaxesha ekhonkrithi). Ukunikezelwa kweemfuno ezifanayo zokuthwala umthwalo, iinqununu zesakhiwo sensimbi zinokuba zincinci kwi-cross-section kunye nesisindo esinzima (malunga ne-1 / 3-1 / 5 yezakhiwo eziphathekayo).

Ukwakhiwa okukhawulezayo kunye noShishino oluPhezulu: Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbiiikhomponenti (ezifana ne-H-beams kunye neekholamu zebhokisi) ziyakwazi ukulinganisa kwaye zenziwe kwiifektri ezinomgangatho we-millimeter ngokuchanekileyo. Bafuna kuphela ukubopha okanye ukuwelda kwindibano yesiza, ukuphelisa isidingo sexesha lokunyanga njengekhonkrithi.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kweSeismic: Intsimbi ibonisa i-ductility egqwesileyo (okt, inokonakala kakhulu phantsi komthwalo ngaphandle kokwaphuka ngequbuliso). Ngexesha leenyikima, izakhiwo zentsimbi zifunxa amandla ngokuguqulwa kwazo, zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa kwesakhiwo ngokubanzi.

Ukusetyenziswa kweNdawo ePhakamileyo: Amacandelo amancinci amancinci amacandelo ezakhiwo zetsimbi (ezifana neentsika zetsimbi ze-tubular kunye ne-h-flange emxinwa ye-H-beams) zinciphisa indawo ehlala kwiindonga okanye iikholomu.

Isebenzisana kakuhle nokusiNgqongileyo kwaye inokuphinda isetyenziswe: Intsimbi inelona zinga liphezulu lokurisayikilisha phakathi kwezinto zokwakha (ngaphezu kwama-90%). Izakhiwo zentsimbi ezichithiweyo zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona, ukunciphisa inkunkuma yokwakha.

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