Iireyili zentsimbizidlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni iziseko zophuhliso zehlabathi, ziguqula ezothutho kwaye zenze ukuba uqoqosho lukhule. Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yoVukelo lwezoShishino ukuya kwixesha lanamhlanje, ukuguquka kweereyile zentsimbi kube bubungqina bobuchule bomntu kunye nobuchule bobunjineli.
Imbali yeereli zentsimbi ingalandelwa emva ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 xa imfuno yeenkqubo zothutho ezisebenzayo yakhuthaza uphuhliso lweereli. Ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe iireli zentsimbi, iireli zomthi zazisetyenziswa kakhulu, kodwa zazidla ngokuguga, nto leyo eyayinciphisa isantya kunye nomthamo woololiwe. Ukufika kweereli zentsimbi kwaphawula inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo, njengoko zazinika ukuqina kunye namandla aphezulu, okuvumela ukwanda kwenethiwekhi yoololiwe kunye nokuthuthwa kwemithwalo enzima.
Ngexesha leNguquko yeShishini, ukuveliswa kweereli zentsimbi kuye kwaphucuka kakhulu, ngenxa yotshintsho kwiinkqubo zokwenziwa kwentsimbi. Inkqubo yeBessemer, eyaphuhliswa ngeminyaka yoo-1850, yaguqula ukuveliswa kwentsimbi ngokwenza ukuba imveliso yentsimbi esemgangathweni ophezulu ikwazi ukwenziwa ngobuninzi ngexabiso eliphantsi. Olu tshintsho lwavula indlela yokwamkelwa ngokubanzi kweereli zentsimbi, njengoko zazifikeleleka lula kwaye zifikeleleka kwiiprojekthi zokwakha oololiwe.
Ukuqina kunye nokuqina kweiireliziye zaba negalelo elikhulu ekukhuliseni ukukhula kwamashishini kunye norhwebo. Ukukwazi kweereli zentsimbi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima kunye neemeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo kuzenze zaba yimfuneko ekuthuthweni kweempahla kunye nabakhweli kwiindawo ezikude. Ngenxa yoko, iinkqubo zikaloliwe ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi, zisebenza njengomthombo wobomi kurhwebo kunye norhwebo.
Kule mihla, uphuhliso lweereli zentsimbi luyaqhubeka nokuvela, luqhutywa kukuqhubela phambili kwisayensi yezinto zokwakha kunye nobunjineli. Uphuhliso lwee-alloys zentsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu kunye neendlela zokuvelisa eziphambili luye lwaphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kunye nobude bexesha leereli zentsimbi. Ezi zinto zintsha ziye zenza ukuba kwakhiwe uthungelwano lweereli zesantya esiphezulu kunye nokwandiswa kweziseko zophuhliso lwezitimela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zehlabathi elitshintsha ngokukhawuleza.
Ukubaluleka koiireli zentsimbikwiziseko zophuhliso zanamhlanje azinakugqithiswa. Zenza umqolo weenkqubo zothutho, zidibanisa izixeko, imimandla, kunye namazwe, kwaye ziququzelela ukuhamba kwabantu kunye neempahla. Ngaphezu koko, iireli zentsimbi zinegalelo kwimizamo yozinzo ngokubonelela ngendlela yothutho eyonga amandla, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokunciphisa ukuxinana kwezithuthi.
Ukujonga phambili, ikamva leereli zentsimbi lithembisa ukuqhubela phambili okukhulu nangakumbi. Imizamo yophando nophuhliso igxile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza kweenkqubo zeenqwelo-moya, kugxininiswa kakhulu ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza. Ukususela ekwamkelweni kwetekhnoloji entsha yeenqwelo-moya ukuya ekuphunyezweni kwezisombululo zeziseko ezisemgangathweni, ukuvela kweereli zentsimbi kulungele ukuqhubeka nokubumba imeko yezothutho kunye nezothutho.
Ukuqukumbela, uphuhliso lweereli zentsimbi lube luhambo olumangalisayo, ukususela ekuqaleni kwazo okuthobekileyo ngexesha leNguquko yezeMizi-mveliso ukuya kwindima yazo ebalulekileyo kwiziseko zophuhliso zanamhlanje. Njengobungqina bokutsha kwabantu kunye nenkqubela phambili, iireli zentsimbi zitshintshe indlela esiqhagamshelana nesihamba ngayo, zibeka imizila yendlela yexesha elizayo yothutho oluzinzileyo nolusebenzayo.
Idilesi
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Ixesha leposi: Meyi-10-2024