Iindaba - Umbhobho wentsimbi othuliweyo: Eyona nto iphambili kwiinkqubo zemibhobho zanamhlanje

Umbhobho wentsimbi ethambileyo, yenziwe ngentsimbi ephothiweyo njengesixhobo esisisiseko. Ngaphambi kokuthululwa, i-magnesium okanye i-magnesium yomhlaba ongaqhelekanga kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela ukuba i-spheroidizing agents zongezwa kwisinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ukuze i-spheroidizing i-graphite, kwaye emva koko umbhobho uveliswa ngothotho lweenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo. Ukwahluka kwe-ductile iron kukuba uninzi okanye yonke i-precipitated graphite ikwimo yespherical, kwaye olu phawu lwesakhiwo luphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwesixhobo. Emva kokufakelwa, isakhiwo se-metallographicUmbhobho wentsimbi emnyamayi-ferrite kunye nenani elincinci le-pearlite, kwaye iipropati zoomatshini zilungile.

Imbali yophuhliso lweItyhubhu yentsimbi ethambileyoizele bubuchule kunye nophuhliso. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, ijongene nokuvinjwa kwetekhnoloji yokuvelisa imibhobho yesinyithi ye-centrifugal yangaphandle kunye neemeko ezinzima zokugunyaziswa kwelungelo lomenzi, i-2672nd Factory ye-Chinese People's Liberation Army (eyandulela i-Xinxing Casting Pipe) yathatha ngesibindi umsebenzi wophando nophuhliso oluzimeleyo. Ngo-1993, umbhobho wokuqala wesinyithi we-centrifugal e-China wasuswa ngempumelelo kumgca wemveliso, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ilizwe lam lifikelele kwinqanaba eliphambili kweli candelo, kwaye kwathatha iminyaka esibhozo kuphela ukugqiba inkqubo yophuhliso lweminyaka engama-40 yamazwe aseNtshona. Namhlanje, i-Xinxing Casting Pipe iye yaba ngumvelisi omkhulu nonamandla kakhulu wemibhobho yesinyithi ye-centrifugal, kwaye ikwathathe inxaxheba ekuqulunqweni kwemigangatho yemibhobho yehlabathi, ikhuthaza ngokuqhubekayo uphuhliso lweshishini lemibhobho yesinyithi ye-ductile.

Iipayipi zentsimbi ezithambileyo zineempawu ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza

1. Amandla Aphezulu kunye Nokuqina Okulungileyo: Iipayipi zentsimbi ezithambileyo zinamandla aphezulu, kwaye amandla azo aphucuke kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neepayipi zentsimbi eziqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba i-graphite isasazwa ngendlela engqukuva, isiphumo sokuqhekeka kwi-matrix siyancitshiswa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba umbhobho ungaphuki xa uphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nefuthe. Kwangaxeshanye, ikwanayo nokuqina okuhle, ngobude obungaphezulu kwe-10%, kwaye inokuqhelana nokuhla komhlaba, intshukumo yomhlaba kunye nezinye iimeko ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Akulula ukonakaliswa kukuguquka, nto leyo ephucula ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi yepayipi.

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2. Ukumelana nokugqwala okunamandla: Ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lokulwa nokugqwala, ezinje ngokugquma ipeyinti ye-asphalt, i-cement mortar lining, i-epoxy coal tar coating, i-epoxy ceramic lining, i-aluminate cement coating, i-sulfate cement coating kunye ne-polyurethane coating, imibhobho yesinyithi ethambileyo inokumelana ngempumelelo nokugqwala okuvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Nokuba isetyenziselwa ukuthutha igesi, amanzi empompini, okanye ukukhupha amanzi amdaka, inokugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezintsonkothileyo, yandise ubomi benkonzo yombhobho, kwaye inciphise iindleko zokulungisa.
3. Ukutywina Okulungileyo: Umlomo wepayipi usebenzisa ujongano oluguquguqukayo, olunokulungela ukufuduka kunye nokuguquguquka ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile, lwenze isiphumo esihle sokutywina kwindawo yoqhagamshelo lwepayipi, kwaye luthintele ngokufanelekileyo ukuvuza kolwelo. Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo yokuvelisa echanekileyo kakhulu yepayipi ngokwayo iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokuhambelana kwesokethi, iphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kokutywina, kwaye iqinisekise ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwenkqubo yepayipi.
4. Ufakelo olulula: Xa kuthelekiswa neminye imibhobho, ubunzima bemibhobho yesinyithi ethambileyo buphakathi, kwaye inkqubo yokufakela ilula. Ujongano lwayo oluguquguqukayo lunceda abasebenzi bokwakha ukuba benze umsebenzi woqhagamshelo, nto leyo enciphisa ixesha lokufakela kunye nobunzima bomsebenzi. Kwindawo yokwakha, ukufakwa kwemibhobho kunokugqitywa ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezintsonkothileyo kunye neengcali zobungcali, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu umjikelo weprojekthi kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokwakha.
5. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Antifreeze: Kwiindawo ezibandayo, ukusebenza kwepayipi yokuthintela ukukhenkceza kubalulekile. Iipayipi zesinyithi ezithambileyo zinomlinganiselo othile wokuthintela ukukhenkceza. Lo gama nje ingekho kwindawo enzima kakhulu, akuyi kubakho mifantu yokukhenkceza kunye nokuqhekeka. Oku kwenza ukuba isetyenziswe kakhulu ekunikezelweni kwamanzi, ekufudumaleni nakwezinye iinkqubo zepayipi kwimimandla ebandayo yasentla, ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezithembekileyo kubemi kunye namashishini.

Umbhobho wamanzi we-Ductile Ironziye zaba zizixhobo zepayipi ezibalulekileyo nezibalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lweziseko zophuhliso zanamhlanje ngeempawu zazo zokusebenza ezigqwesileyo. Ukususela kubonelelo lwamanzi asezidolophini kunye nokutsalwa kwenkunkuma ukuya ekuhanjisweni kwegesi, ukusuka kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso ukuya kwiiprojekthi zokugcina amanzi, iipayipi zesinyithi ezithambileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zenze igalelo elibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wobomi babantu kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kunye nobuchule bobuchwephesha, ukusebenza kweepayipi zesinyithi ezithambileyo kuya kuqhubeka kuphucuka, kwaye umda wokusetyenziswa uya kwandiswa ngakumbi. Ziya kuqhubeka zikhanya kulwakhiwo lweziseko zophuhliso kwixesha elizayo.