Kutshanje, amaxabiso eentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana ne-aluminium kunye nobhedu eMelika anyuke kakhulu. Olu tshintsho luvuselele amaza kwimarike yehlabathi njengee-ripples, kwaye luzise nexesha elingaqhelekanga lesabelo kwimarike ye-aluminium kunye nobhedu yaseTshayina. I-aluminium, njengezinto ezisisiseko ezisetyenzisiweyo ezithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwelizwe, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle ezifana nobunzima obulula, ubume obuqinileyo, ukuqhuba kakuhle kunye nokuqhuba ngamandla kobushushu.Iipleyiti ze-aluminium, iityhubhu zealuminiyamkunye ne-aluminiumiikhoyili, njengamasebe abalulekileyo eemveliso ze-aluminium, nawo atsale ingqalelo enkulu kule ntengiso ye-aluminium kunye ne-copper. Okulandelayo, makhe sijonge nzulu ezi ntlobo zintathu zeemveliso.
Ityhubhu ye-aluminiyam: ilula, ayidli mhlwa, kwaye iyakwazi ukusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo
Iipayipi zeAluminiyamluhlobo lwetyhubhu yesinyithi engenasinyithi. Yinto eyenziwe ngetyhubhu yesinyithi eyenziwe nge-aluminium ecocekileyo okanye i-aluminium alloy ngokusebenzisa i-extrusion kwaye ingenanto kuyo yonke ubude bayo obude. Inokuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu ivaliwe ngemingxunya, kwaye ubukhulu bodonga kunye necandelo elinqamlezileyo ziyafana kwaye ziyafana. Ihlala ihanjiswa kumgca othe tye okanye kwi-roll.
Zininzi iindlela zokwahlulahlula iityhubhu ze-aluminiyam. Ngokwemilo, ingahlulwa ibe ziityhubhu zesikwere, iityhubhu ezijikelezileyo, iityhubhu ezineepateni, kunye neetyhubhu ezineemilo ezikhethekileyo; ngokwendlela yokukhupha, kukho iityhubhu ze-aluminiyam ezingenamthungo kunye neetyhubhu eziqhelekileyo ezikhutshiweyo; ngokwendlela echanekileyo, yahlulwe yaba ziityhubhu ze-aluminiyam eziqhelekileyo kunye neetyhubhu ze-aluminiyam ezichanekileyo; ngokwendlela ebukhulu ngayo, kukho iityhubhu ze-aluminiyam eziqhelekileyo kunye neetyhubhu ze-aluminiyam ezinodonga oluncinci. Iityhubhu ze-aluminiyam azinamhlwa kwaye zilula ngobunzima, kwaye zineempawu ezintle zokugoba kwaye kulula ukuzifaka nokuzihambisa.
Kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, iityhubhu ze-aluminiyam zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto, kwiinqanawa, kwi-aerospace, kwi-aircraft, kwizixhobo zombane, kwezolimo, kwi-electromechanical, kwi-home fabrication nakwamanye amashishini. Umzekelo, kwicandelo leemoto kunye ne-aircraft, iityhubhu ze-aluminiyam zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iipayipi ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo zesakhiwo ngenxa yobunzima bazo obulula kunye namandla aphezulu. Kwishishini le-air conditioning, iityhubhu ze-aluminiyam zidlala indima ebalulekileyo njengeetyhubhu zokudibanisa, kwaye zinezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo kubuchwepheshe bokuwelda, ubomi benkonzo kunye nokonga amandla.
Ipleyiti ye-aluminium: imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi
Amaphepha e-aluminiumyimveliso ye-aluminium emile okwepleyiti eyenziwe ngoluhlu lweenkqubo ezifana nokuqengqa kunye nokukhupha ii-ingots ze-aluminium ngeendlela zokucubungula iplastiki. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kokugqibela kwepleyiti, imveliso egqityiweyo kufuneka icutshungulwe ngokuqhoboshela, unyango lwesisombululo esiqinileyo kunye nezinye iinkqubo.
Ngokwembono yokwahlulahlula, iipleyiti ze-aluminium zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezineenkcukacha ngokwemixholo yezinto ze-alloy, iteknoloji yokucubungula, ubukhulu kunye nemilo yomphezulu. Ngokwemixholo yezinto ze-alloy, inokwahlulwa ibe ziichungechunge ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-1 × × × series industrial pure aluminium plate, 2 × × × series i-aluminium-copper alloy plate, njl. Ipleyiti ye-aluminium ye-1 × × × inomxholo ophezulu kakhulu we-aluminium, enobunyulu obungaphezulu kwe-99.00%. Inkqubo yemveliso ilula kwaye ixabiso lifikeleleka. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini aqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, ipleyiti ye-aluminium ye-1050 idla ngokusetyenziswa kwimveliso yezinto eziyimfuneko zemihla ngemihla, izinki zobushushu kunye nezinye iimveliso; iipleyiti ze-aluminium ze-2 × × × × zinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nomxholo wobhedu omalunga ne-3-5%. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo leenqwelo moya. Umzekelo, iipleyiti ze-aluminium ze-2024 zihlala zisetyenziswa ekwenzeni iindawo zesakhiwo seenqwelo moya.
Ngokweteknoloji yokucubungula, iipleyiti ze-aluminium zinokwahlulwa zibe ziipleyiti ze-aluminium ezigoqwe ngobandayo kunye neepleyiti ze-aluminium ezigoqwe ngobushushu; ngokobukhulu, zinokwahlulwa zibe ziipleyiti ezibhityileyo kunye neepleyiti eziphakathi; ngokobume bomphezulu, zinokwahlulwa zibe ziipleyiti ezisicaba kunye neepleyiti ze-aluminium ezineepateni. Kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, iipleyiti ze-aluminium zinokubonakala kuyo yonke indawo, ukusuka kwizibane, izibonisi zelanga, ukuya kwizakhiwo zangaphandle, ukuhombisa ngaphakathi, ukuya kwi-aerospace kunye namasimi omkhosi, iipleyiti ze-aluminium zidlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Ikhoyili ye-aluminiyam: yinto ebalulekileyo kwizicelo zoshishino
Ikhoyili yeAluminiyamyimveliso yesinyithi esetyenziselwa ukucheba emva kokuqengqeleka nokugoba yifektri yokubumba. Iikhoyili ze-aluminium zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-elektroniki, ukupakisha, ukwakha, oomatshini nakwamanye amashishini.
Ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi eziqulethwe apha, iikhoyili ze-aluminium zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-9 series. Iikhoyili ze-aluminium ze-1000 series zinomxholo ophezulu we-aluminium kwaye zifikeleleka ngexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini aqhelekileyo; iikhoyili ze-aluminium ze-2000 series zinobunzima obuphezulu kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo leenqwelo moya; iikhoyili ze-aluminium ze-3000 series zisebenza kakuhle ekulweni nomhlwa kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomswakama ezifana nee-air conditioners kunye neefriji; iikhoyili ze-aluminium ze-5000 series zii-aluminium-magnesium alloys ezinobunzima obuphantsi kunye namandla aphezulu okutsalwa, kwaye zisetyenziswa kumashishini eenqwelo moya kunye namashishini aqhelekileyo.
Xa kucutshungulwa iikhoyili ze-aluminiyam, ekubeni i-silicon inefuthe lokubola kwi-carbide eqinisiweyo, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ngokomxholo we-silicon. Xa umxholo we-silicon udlula i-8%, kuyacetyiswa ukusebenzisa izixhobo zedayimani; xa umxholo we-silicon uphakathi kwe-8% kunye ne-12%, zombini izixhobo ze-carbide eziqinisiweyo kunye nezixhobo zedayimani zingasetyenziswa, kodwa xa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ze-carbide eziqinisiweyo, izixhobo eziye zacutshungulwa ngendlela ye-PVD, azinazo izinto ze-aluminium, kwaye zinobukhulu obuncinci befilimu kufuneka zisetyenziswe.
Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yangoku yokunyuka okukhulu kwamaxabiso e-aluminium kunye ne-copper eMelika kunye nexesha lebhonasi ye-aluminium yaseTshayina kunyeithusiKwimarike, amashishini e-aluminium plate, i-aluminium tube, kunye ne-aluminium coil nawo angenise amathuba amatsha ophuhliso. Kwelinye icala, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuzise indawo yenzuzo engakumbi kumashishini; kwelinye icala, ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yesayensi kunye netekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwamashishini ahlukeneyo, imfuno yeepleyiti ze-aluminium, iityhubhu ze-aluminium, kunye nee-aluminium coils nayo iyanda, ngakumbi kwimimandla emitsha efana namandla amatsha kunye ne-aerospace.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka siqaphele ukuba ukuguquguquka kwemarike kunye nokungaqiniseki kusekhona. Amaxabiso e-aluminium achaphazeleka zizinto ezininzi, ezifana nemeko yoqoqosho lwehlabathi, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemigaqo, kunye nokubonelela kunye nemfuno. Kwixesha elizayo, amashishini akwi-aluminium plate, i-aluminium tube kunye namashishini e-aluminium coil kufuneka aqhubeke nokuphucula umgangatho wawo wobugcisa kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, aphucule ulwakhiwo lwemveliso kwaye aphucule umgangatho wemveliso ukuze azivumelanise ngcono notshintsho lwemarike kwaye athathe indawo kukhuphiswano olukhulu lwemarike. Kwangaxeshanye, amashishini kufuneka anike ingqalelo kwiindlela zoshishino, aqinise ulawulo lomngcipheko kwaye aphendule ngokufanelekileyo kwimingeni eziswa lutshintsho lwemarike.
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